From the Archives: Big Freeze

During harsh winters, citrus groves will freeze over - killing the trees to the ground. The first big freeze was in 1835, which was extremely discouraging to early growers. One can understand why Central Florida became a hub of citrus production in the United States, with the optimal climate it's a no-brainer! The optimal climate for citrus production is warm areas with ample sunshine, and 55-100 degrees Fahrenheit is the best range for citrus growth. There are few varieties of citrus that are able to grow in colder temperatures below 50 degrees, but even then, they cannot withstand temperatures lower than 45 without freezing.

When a freeze takes place, the fruit will drop from the tree either instantly or slowly over a period of time. The juices inside of the fruit become frozen making them unideal for selling. Crystals of ice will also form inside the plant tissues throughout the actual tree. During severe cases of freeze, the tree may die; in less severe cases, the tree may be damaged, but it will survive. In the years following a freeze, the trees and branches of affected areas may continue to die; it is difficult to determine the extent of damage done to a grove after a freeze has taken place.

After the freeze has taken place, it is important to monitor the state of the grove, especially for later care of the region. There are several tactics that can be used to ensure the plant is able to recover post freeze which include minimizing pruning, applying less fertilizer (depending on the current state of the tree), and minimizing irrigation.

Overall, a freeze can be extremely detrimental to a grower as it can kill the entire grove of current plants. If not killed, affected plants will need additional care in the months and years following a big freeze.

Written by Tanzy Zviitwah, Florida Citrus Hall of Fame Fellow
In partnership with Florida Southern College’s McKay Archives Center
Spring 2024

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Source:
 

Mack, Thomas B. Citrifacts. Bartow, Florida: Associated Publications Corporation, 1992.